原作意境神韵美的再现

第二节

原作意境神韵美的再现

文学作品的意境美是一种韵味美、神韵美，表现为一种含蓄美、朦胧美。谭德晶在《唐诗宋词的艺术》中认为中国古诗追求“神韵、意会、风神情韵、言有尽而意无穷”。译者要通过译语力求再现原作意境的神韵美。郭沫若认为诗的生命“全在它那种不可把捉之风韵，所以我想译诗的手段于直译意译之外，当得有种‘风韵译’”。茅盾认为文学作品“最重要的艺术色就是该作品的神韵。灰色的文学我们不能把它译成红色；神秘而带颓废气的文学我们不能把它译成光明而矫健的文学”，“就我的私见下个判断，觉得与其失‘神韵’而留‘形貌’，还不如‘形貌’上有些差异而保留了‘神韵’。文学的功用在感人（如使人同情、使人慰乐），而感人的力量恐怕还是寓于‘神韵’的多而寄在‘形貌’的少；译本如不能保留原本的‘神韵’难免要失了许多的感人的力量。”于德英在《“隔”与“不隔”的循环：钱钟书“化”境论的再阐释》中深入探讨了中国美学中“境”论的发展和演变过程，分析了文学翻译中言、象、意、境、道之间的内在转换和联系。龚光明在《翻译思维学》中认为神韵的特点是无理而妙，“其趣在有意无意之间”，他分析了意境的特征和表达（转译和创造），认为翻译意境的创化是“原作形象到译文形象的审美变相转化过程，是艺术对象（源语意境）主体化和艺术主体（译者）对象化的双向流动过程，是艺术形象具象、寓意、托情三大要素融会化合的过程”，意境翻译是“创构象、意、情统一的艺术形象的理想结构模式”。陈寒在《从混沌的“眼”到晶莹的“境”——唐诗意境重构与“优势竞赛论”》中认为意境是文学作品“所摹形象与艺术家意图表现的境界情调的结合体”，包含情、景、虚、美四个要素，译诗成功与否要看其“是否让原诗创造的意境在新的语言文化土壤中获得了新生，即译者是否通过‘混沌的眼’重新构造了‘晶莹的境’”。下面是汉魏诗人曹植的《美女篇》和许渊冲的译文：

美女妖且闲，采桑歧路间。

柔条纷冉冉，叶落何翩翩。

攘袖见素手，皓腕约金环。

头上金爵钗，腰佩翠琅。

明珠交玉体，珊瑚间木难。

罗衣何飘飘，轻裾随风还。

顾盼遗光彩，长啸气若兰。

行徒用息驾，休者以忘餐。

借问女安居，乃在城南端。

青楼临大路，高门结重关。

容华耀朝日，谁不希令颜？

媒氏何所营？玉帛不时安。

佳人慕高义，求贤良独难。

众人徒嗷嗷，安知彼所观？

盛年处房室，中夜起长叹。

A maiden fair is full of charm and grace．

She gathers mulberry leaves at crisscross place．

The tender branches rustle one and all；

How many mulberry leaves moan and fall！

Her arms so white are seen with sleeves uprolled；

Around her wrist a bracelet made of gold．

A golden sparrow pin adorns her hair；

A green jade pendant hangs at her waist fair．

Her lovely form encompassed with pearls bright

And carol and blue glass beads left and right．

How do her silken dresses flow with ease

And her light skirt flutter with gentle breeze！

Her melting glance reveals her shining eye；

In her sweet breath you hear the orchid sigh．

The travelers en route would halt their car；

Those resting would forget where their meals are．

If you ask where is her house renown，

It stands at the southern end of the town．

Her house by the highway has floor on floor；

It's green with high gate and double door．

She looks as radiant as the morning sun．

Who'd not admire such a beautiful one？

Why are the busy go-between delayed？

Where are betrothal gifts of silk and jade？

The maiden fair longs for a worthy mate；

It's hard to find one，so she has to wait．

People in vain may gossip a great deal．

What do they know of her lofty ideal？

She lives alone at her prime，fair and bright．

How can she not sigh at dead of night？

原诗描写美女在路旁采桑的场景，栩栩如生地刻画了美女的服饰、容颜和举止，“素手”、“皓腕”、“玉体”描写美女白皙的肌肤，“金环”、“金爵钗”、“翠琅”、“明珠”、“珊瑚”描写美女身上金光耀眼的珠宝，“罗衣”、“轻裾”描写美女身上飘逸柔滑的服饰。“顾盼遗光彩/长啸气若兰”生动地描写了美女的神情，使人联想到《诗经》里的描写（“美目盼兮，俏笑倩兮”），一位明眸善睐的美女形象跃然纸上。“行徒用息驾/休者以忘餐”写旁观者对美女的容貌如痴如醉，让人联想到汉乐府《陌上桑》里的描写（“耕者忘其犁/锄者忘其锄”）。“佳人慕高义/求贤良独难/众人徒嗷嗷/安知彼所观/盛年处房室/中夜起长叹”写美女渴望能与一位品学俱佳的男士缔结美好姻缘，她苦苦寻觅却未能如愿。许译A maiden fair is full of charm and grace中a maiden fair与下文的her waist fair、fair and bright相呼应，强调美人天生丽质。How many mulberry leaves moan and fall！中moan and fall明写树叶纷纷凋落，暗写美女红颜易老。arms so white、a bracelet made of gold、a golden sparrow pin、a green jade pendant、waist fair、pearls bright、carol and blue glass beads、silken dresses、light skirt生动地再现了美女如花似玉的容貌、璀璨耀眼的珠宝和飘逸美丽的服饰。Her melting glance reveals her shining eye中melting生动地描写了美女那摄人心魄、让人销魂的眼神，可谓点睛之笔，为下文The travelers en route would halt their car/Those resting would forget where their meals are作了铺垫，In her sweet breath you hear the orchid sigh中sigh与上文的moan相照应。She looks as radiant as the morning sun中radiant再现了美女光彩照人的形象。She lives alone at her prime，fair and bright中at her prime描写美女正值青春年华，alone描写她形影相吊，难寻佳偶，只能孤芳自赏。How can she not sigh at dead of night？用问句形式，语气强烈，传达了美女内心难以排解的孤苦和怅惘。